Windows 總覽

Microsoft Windows is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some unnecessary features. Over time, Microsoft adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types of optional data that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.

One of the newest examples was called Recall, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. These "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled. The main concerns with Recall was that the data is stored in a local database that is decrypted when your device is powered on, meaning it is an easy target for hackers if the device ever becomes infected with malware. Recall will not redact sensitive information like copied passwords or financial information from the database, but it does protect against making screenshots of any copyrighted content protected by digital rights management (DRM) systems.

Unfortunately, this feature was added without too much thought about the privacy implications of having such a feature enabled by default (which it now no longer is). It is not an isolated example, however. Another example was Microsoft automatically enabling folder backups to OneDrive on new Windows 11 installations without asking for permission.

可透過以下指南增強 Windows 上的隱私和安全性，而無需下載任何第三方工具：

初始安裝 (coming soon)
Group Policy Settings
隱私設定 (coming soon)
應用程式沙盒 (coming soon)
安全強化 (coming soon)

This section is new

This section is a work in progress, because it takes considerably more time and effort to make a Windows installation more privacy friendly than other operating systems.

隱私筆記¶

Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the Home version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by default. As a result we often see more data collection than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, Cortana has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to reduce the data that is sent to them.

With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:

Requiring the use of a Microsoft account instead of a local account.
Making it more difficult to find local account options for Windows Pro and Enterprise.
Enabling all data collection options by default, requiring users to "opt out".
Heavily integrating Microsoft services like Bing, OneDrive, and Teams in ways which are difficult to remove and presented as the only option to users.
Setting the default browser always to Edge, or reverting to Edge if it's changed.
Adding cloud-based AI features to many areas in Windows and various Microsoft Apps.
Unnecessarily storing sensitive data. 即使資料儲存在本機且未傳送至微軟，但仍可能成為駭客或惡意軟體的目標。

Microsoft often uses the automatic updates feature to add new functionality to your device and make changes that collect your data and are enabled by default. Some privacy features such as the option to opt out of syncing an online Microsoft account with Windows, require you to select a country in the EEA (European Economic Area) during installation. It can be changed to your real country after Windows is installed.

Windows 版本¶

Many critical privacy and security features are unfortunately locked away behind higher-cost editions of Windows, instead of being available in Windows Home. Some features missing from Home include Bitlocker Drive Encryption, Hyper-V, and Windows Sandbox. In our Windows guides we will cover how to use all of these features appropriately, so having a premium edition of Windows will be necessary.

Windows Enterprise provides the most flexibility when it comes to configuring privacy and security settings built in to Windows. 例如，它們是唯一能限制啟用遙測工具，阻止將資料傳回微軟的版本。遺憾的是，Enterprise 無法零售購買，因此可能無法使用。

The best version available for retail purchase is Windows Pro as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.

Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows Education (equivalent to Enterprise) or Pro Education license (equivalent to Pro) for free, including on personal devices, from their educational institution. 許多學校透過 OnTheHub 或 Microsoft Azure for Education 與 Microsoft 合作，因此您可以檢查這些網站或學校的福利頁面，看看是否符合資格。能否獲得這些許可完全取決於機構。對許多人來說，這可能是取得 Windows 企業版供個人使用的最佳方式。與零售版本相比，使用教育授權不會帶來額外的隱私或安全風險。

It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.

取得 Windows¶

目前，僅可購買 Windows 11 授權金鑰，但這些金鑰也適用於 Windows 10，因此仍可購買 Windows 11 專業版金鑰來啟動 Windows 10 安裝。

The official Media Creation Tool is the best way to put a Windows installer on a USB flash drive. Third-party tools like Rufus or Etcher may unexpectedly modify the files, which could lead to boot issues or other troubles when installing.

This tool only lets you install a Home or Pro installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows Enterprise edition. If you have an Enterprise license key, you can easily upgrade a Pro installation. To do this, install Windows Pro without entering a license key during setup, then enter your Enterprise key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your Pro install will be upgraded to Enterprise automatically after entering a valid license key.

If you are installing an Education license then you will typically have a private download link that will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

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